닌자고양이
대통령 탄핵 심판 최후 진술문 (영문) 본문
Honorable Justices of the Constitutional Court, and dear citizens who have been watching this trial with interest,
It has been 84 days since I declared martial law on December 3rd of last year.
These have been the most difficult days of my life, but they have also been a time of gratitude and reflection.
Looking back on myself, I have come to realize that I have received an overwhelming amount of love from our people.
While I feel deeply grateful, I also feel sorrowful and apologetic that I am unable to fulfill my duties during the time the people have entrusted to me for work.
At the same time, seeing that so many citizens still have faith in me, I feel an immense sense of responsibility.
First and foremost, I want to express my apologies and gratitude to the people. When I declared martial law and lifted it just a few hours later, many could not understand my decision. Some may still be confused.
There may also be negative memories associated with the word "martial law." The massive opposition party and insurrectionist forces are exploiting this trauma to manipulate and incite the public.
However, the December 3rd Martial Law was entirely different from past instances of martial law. It was not a means of suppressing the people with force but rather an urgent appeal to the nation, borrowing the form of martial law.
The declaration of the December 3rd Martial Law was a statement that this country is facing a grave national crisis, a desperate plea for the sovereign people to recognize the reality and take action together to overcome it.
Above all, I can say with absolute clarity that this was never a decision made for myself, Yoon Suk Yeol, as an individual.
I was already in the highest position of power as the President. The easiest and most comfortable path for a president is to avoid difficult and risky actions, to compromise moderately with various forces in society, and to say only what people want to hear, thereby spending five years in office in peace.
If I abandoned my ambition to work, there would be no need for fierce battles or difficult choices. By simply maintaining the status quo for five years, I could have retired with the privileges of a former president and enjoyed a comfortable post-presidential life.
If I had only been thinking of my personal life, there would have been no reason for me to choose martial law, which would inevitably provoke strong attacks from political opposition forces.
When I made the decision for martial law, I fully expected immense difficulties to come my way. The massive opposition party claims that I declared martial law to establish a dictatorship and extend my rule. This is a manipulative frame designed to accuse me of rebellion.
If that had truly been my intention, would I have deployed a mere 280 troops, not even at an operational command level? Would I have declared martial law on a weekday instead of a weekend, and then only moved troops after the declaration?
According to the judicial evidence review, before the resolution demanding the lifting of martial law, only 106 troops had entered the National Assembly, and of those, only 15 reached the main building.
The reason those 15 soldiers broke the glass and entered was because their assigned post was inside the main building, but the entrance was blocked by citizens. To avoid a confrontation, they found an unlit window to enter through.
Furthermore, after the resolution demanding the lifting of martial law was passed, I immediately ordered the complete withdrawal of all troops. Since the number of military personnel deployed was extremely small, I requested the police to handle perimeter security and maintain order around the National Assembly.
Although some soldiers sustained injuries, not a single civilian was harmed. From the beginning, I made it clear to the Minister of National Defense that the purpose of this emergency martial law was an appeal to the people. I also stated that since the National Assembly would quickly demand its repeal, the martial law would not last long.
However, I could not disclose this information to military commanders in advance. That is why I deployed only a minimal number of troops without operational weapons, clearly limiting their mission to security and order maintenance.
If a large number of armed troops had been deployed, no matter how much they were instructed to exercise caution and restraint, clashes with the crowd would have been inevitable. To prevent such incidents, I fundamentally blocked the possibility, and the actual outcome was exactly as expected. This is why I gave the Minister of National Defense clear instructions on three key points: deploying a minimal number of troops, keeping them unarmed, and selecting experienced personnel.
Despite this, the massive opposition party continues to claim that this was an act of rebellion.
The troop deployment lasted less than two hours—can there be a rebellion that lasts only two hours? Have you ever seen a rebellion that is announced on live television to the entire nation and the world, only to be withdrawn the moment the National Assembly demands it?
The opposition’s claim that the president attempted to seize control of the National Assembly and launch a rebellion is nothing more than a politically motivated scheme to force me out of office.
Seeing public officials who merely carried out martial law duties and maintained order, as mandated by the president’s legal authority, now suffering under these false accusations of rebellion is heartbreaking.
Would these individuals have acted in support of a president’s long-term dictatorship? They fully understand that, in today’s Republic of Korea, the very idea of a prolonged dictatorship is unimaginable. These are people who have already reached the pinnacle of their respective careers and have nothing more to gain.
They were simply fulfilling their duties in accordance with the president’s legitimate exercise of authority.
Honorable Constitutional Court justices, and fellow citizens, as the president, I have access to extensive information and a broad perspective on national affairs. This allows me to see many issues that are not immediately visible to others.
Even if something seems fine at the moment, a looming crisis that will strike in the near future comes into the president’s view. Just like a frog in gradually boiling water, the reality of our nation heading towards a precipice without realizing the impending danger was clear to me.
Some may wonder—has there ever been a time without crisis?
However, while past crises were at the level of sudden issues, the current crisis is entirely different—it is a crisis of national survival, a total systemic crisis.
Former U.S. President Donald Trump declared a national emergency on his first day in office and deployed the military. Opinions may differ on whether the United States was truly in a state of national emergency. However, it is clear that his decision was made to protect the American people from the pressing threats of illegal immigration, drug cartels, and energy shortages.
Then, what about the reality of our country?
Can anyone definitively say that we are not in a state of national emergency? External forces attempting to infringe on our sovereignty, including North Korea, are working in coordination with internal anti-state forces to seriously threaten national security and continuity.
These forces are using fake news, media manipulation, and propaganda to drive our society into division and chaos. Just looking at the espionage ring uncovered within the Korean Confederation of Trade Unions (KCTU) in 2023, it is easy to confirm the existence of anti-state elements.
They directly met with North Korean operatives, received instructions, and handed over military facility information to North Korea. According to these orders, they organized general strikes, opposed U.S. President Biden’s visit to South Korea, protested the South Korea-U.S. joint military exercises, and incited anti-government demonstrations over the Itaewon disaster.
Furthermore, evidence has emerged suggesting election interference under North Korean directives. After the last presidential election, specific instructions were issued to "ignite the flames of impeachment against the president."
Indeed, on March 26, 2022, a rally calling for the "preemptive impeachment of Yoon Suk Yeol" was held. By early December 2024, there had been as many as 178 protests demanding the president’s resignation or impeachment. These rallies were attended by KCTU-affiliated construction and media unions, and even lawmakers from the massive opposition party took to the stage to speak.
Isn’t this exactly what North Korea instructed?
Some may dismiss the idea of spies in today’s world, asking, "Are there even spies anymore?" However, spies have not disappeared; rather, they have evolved into forces working to overthrow South Korea’s liberal democracy from within. Meanwhile, our society’s defenses against espionage have weakened, full of holes.
Due to the forced legislative actions of the former Democratic Party administration, the National Intelligence Service (NIS) was stripped of its counterintelligence investigative authority as of January 2024. Spy rings require meticulous, long-term investigation by agencies with expertise. However, without proper preparation time, counterintelligence authority was hastily transferred to the police, which lacks the necessary experience and expertise—essentially creating an environment where spies can operate freely.
Moreover, even when spies are caught, trials are delayed indefinitely. Currently, there are four espionage cases under trial: the KCTU spy ring, the Changwon spy ring, the Cheongju spy ring, and the Jeju spy ring.
However, the Cheongju spy ring case took over 29 months to reach a first-trial verdict, while the KCTU spy ring case took 18 months. After their detention periods expired, these spies were released and roamed freely until they were finally taken back into custody following their first-trial convictions.
Meanwhile, the Changwon spy ring case has been stalled for nearly two years, and the Jeju spy ring case has been in limbo for 22 months. The suspects in these cases have all been released as well. If spies are neither caught effectively nor properly punished when they are caught, how can this situation be considered normal?
Despite all this, the massive opposition party is more focused on defending the KCTU, calling for the abolition of the National Security Act following the removal of the NIS’s counterintelligence authority. They have even slashed the police’s special activity budget for counterintelligence investigations to zero.
In short, they are telling us not to catch spies at all.
Last year, multiple Chinese individuals were caught using drones to photograph our military bases, the National Intelligence Service (NIS), international airports, and U.S. military facilities in South Korea. In order to prosecute them for espionage, legal amendments are required, but the massive opposition party is adamantly blocking these changes.
Industrial espionage involving the leakage of critical national technologies is also rapidly increasing. Semiconductor and display technology leaks alone have resulted in losses amounting to tens of trillions of won, with two-thirds of these leaks heading to China. Meanwhile, China enforces a strict "Anti-Espionage Law," allowing them to arbitrarily detain our citizens even for taking a single photo. Yet, the massive opposition party is obstructing even the revision of espionage laws meant to prevent industrial spies.
Furthermore, the opposition party is pushing for a Defense Business Act amendment that would require parliamentary approval for arms exports as part of their official party stance. This would mandate the submission of classified defense export documents to the National Assembly, and if the opposition party objects, arms exports could be blocked entirely.
Who can guarantee that classified defense documents submitted to the National Assembly will be securely maintained and not leaked to hostile forces? If such sensitive information is exposed, why would any country choose to purchase our defense equipment? This is essentially the same as saying that South Korea should not export defense materials to the free world if North Korea, China, and Russia disapprove.
Defense exports are not just about generating revenue. They strengthen strategic alliances with partner nations and enhance security cooperation with multiple countries in the free world, thereby reinforcing our own national security. Instead of encouraging these exports, why is the opposition actively obstructing them? Whose interests are they serving?
The massive opposition party is also leading efforts to weaken our national defense and render our military powerless. North Korea is deploying troops to Ukraine and deepening its military ties with Russia, posing a severe security threat to us.
Yet, when our government attempted to send an observation delegation to assess the situation, the opposition party fiercely opposed it, even threatening to impeach then-Defense Minister Shin Won-sik. They even went so far as to claim that legitimate security activities, such as dispatching the Ukraine observation team and reviewing responses to North Korean loudspeaker and waste balloon provocations, constituted acts of treason.
They have labeled the president, who is striving to protect the nation and its people, as a "warmonger" and have denounced joint South Korea-U.S.-Japan military drills aimed at countering North Korea's nuclear threats as "extreme pro-Japanese behavior." The first presidential impeachment bill even explicitly stated that "antagonizing North Korea, China, and Russia" was a reason for impeachment.
With an overwhelming 190-seat majority, the unchecked power of the massive opposition party is not aligned with the interests of South Korea and its people but rather with those of North Korea, China, and Russia. If this is not a national crisis, then what is?
This is not all.
The massive opposition party is attempting to incapacitate our military by slashing key defense budgets. They claim they have only cut 0.65% of the total budget. However, what matters is where that 0.65% was cut.
It's like gouging out a person's eyes and then saying, "We only removed two small parts of the body." The defense budget cuts made by the opposition party are like removing the eyes of our military.
They have significantly reduced funding for reconnaissance assets, which are essential for the Kill Chain system—our preemptive strike capability against North Korea’s nuclear and missile bases. The core Strategic Reconnaissance Project budget was slashed by 485.2 billion KRW compared to 2024. The budget for upgrading the Tactical Data Link System, crucial for military operations, was cut by a staggering 78%.
The development of KAMD (Korean Air and Missile Defense), our missile defense system designed to intercept incoming enemy missiles, is also at risk of being halted due to budget cuts.
For the Long-Range Surface-to-Air Missile (L-SAM) project, 11.95 billion KRW was allocated, but 96% of it was slashed, leaving only 500 million KRW. The Precision-Guided Artillery Shell R&D project faced an 84% budget cut. No matter how strong one’s fists are, a fighter cannot win if they cannot see. Similarly, no matter how advanced our weapons are, they are useless without surveillance and reconnaissance capabilities.
Additionally, North Korean drone attacks have emerged as a major threat, yet 99.54 billion KRW—nearly the entire 100 billion KRW drone defense budget—was cut, effectively halting the project.
One has to wonder: Who ordered them to selectively cut only the most critical parts of our national defense budget?
Furthermore, under the previous Democratic Party administration, nearly half of the Military Counterintelligence Command (MCC) investigation personnel were drastically reduced, severely crippling counterintelligence operations related to military and defense industries.
The previous administration even appointed individuals linked to past espionage cases as key executives in the National Intelligence Service (NIS), turning it into an agency riddled with information leaks rather than a counterintelligence organization.
These figures, who spearheaded such actions during the previous government, remain key power players in the massive opposition party today, continuing to undermine national security.
Since our administration took office, we have worked to restore the NIS as the central pillar of national security and to strengthen the MCC. However, we have not yet been able to fully eradicate the root of the problem.
Destroying and dismantling is easy, but rebuilding and strengthening takes time and effort.
Although things may appear normal on the surface, I believe we are in a national crisis comparable to wartime or an emergency situation.
Before criticizing the president’s perception of the opposition, the massive opposition party should first demonstrate responsibility and trustworthiness as a legitimate political entity dedicated to the nation’s well-being.
I am someone who is willing to engage in dialogue and compromise with any political force, as long as we share the principles of constitutional democracy, national security, and the protection of core national interests.
When it comes to the country and the people, where is the distinction between the left and the right?
However, we must block the infiltration of communism, one-party communist dictatorships, and totalitarianism based on materialism, which deny freedom, into our Republic of Korea through various deceptions.
We should not compromise or negotiate with such forces. While we can trade with countries whose values we do not share and pursue international cooperation and mutual benefits, we must prevent them from influencing and infiltrating our political system. That is political security, just as important as national defense security. It is the way to protect democracy.
If a public political party in a free democratic country advocates for such forces or forms an alliance with them, it must never happen.
Honorable Constitutional Court justices and citizens, the large opposition party has been calling for the president’s impeachment even before I took office, and has paralyzed the government’s functions through continued impeachment, legislative overreach, and budgetary abuse. They even argue that these reckless actions are an exercise of the legitimate authority of the National Assembly.
However, the constitutional authority of the National Assembly was granted to serve the people. If this authority is abused to paralyze the government for political purposes, it is nothing less than a violation of the constitution and an attack on constitutional order.
Furthermore, the large opposition party continues to accuse me of attempting to paralyze the powers of the National Assembly through a state of emergency, calling it a rebellion.
However, the large opposition party has continuously and persistently paralyzed the government's functions since I took office. It seems their only goal is to paralyze the government, as they have recklessly wielded the authority of the National Assembly.
Between the National Assembly and government, where is the infringement on powers? The 2.5-hour state of emergency, which did not restrict access of National Assembly members and staff, and did not interfere with any decisions, was not the problem. The real issue is that, over the last two and a half years, the large opposition party has paralyzed the government with continued impeachment, legislative abuse, and budgetary overspending.
The large opposition party has impeached not only cabinet members but also the heads of the Korea Communications Commission, prosecutors, and the Board of Audit and Inspection. The actual reasons for impeachment were never important to them. They even impeached a minister for allegedly targeting the opposition leader, then, after suspending duties, changed the grounds for impeachment in the Constitutional Court, repeating such absurdities.
Just recently, did not you, the judges, oversee the impeachment of senior prosecutors, including the head of the Central District Prosecutors’ Office?
They claimed that the prosecutors lied at a press conference, yet the prosecutors did not even attend the press conference, and they were accused of false testimony at the National Assembly audit, although they did not attend that either.
Even when the basic grounds for impeachment were completely wrong, their priority was to suspend duties first. Is this normal?
The large opposition party’s constant impeachment of public officials has gone beyond paralyzing the government’s functions, and is driving the country toward the collapse of constitutional order.
After the Itaewon tragedy occurred, the large opposition party repeatedly demanded an investigation, using the tragedy for political warfare. Eventually, they impeached the Minister of the Interior and Safety.
At that time, there was a directive sent by North Korea to a group of spies from the Minju Workers' Party, which included the following content:
"Use this major disaster to create a political situation similar to the Sewol ferry disaster investigation struggle and maximize the anger of various social sectors." The large opposition party essentially carried out the same actions as the spy group, which was directed by North Korea.
This can truly be called an "incitement impeachment" that exacerbates social conflict and confusion. The large opposition party has impeached not only prosecutors investigating their party leader but also the head of the Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office. Impeaching prosecutors is an obstruction of justice, and it also serves as intimidation toward the judges who oversee these impeachment proceedings.
This "impeachment for political protection" is aimed at preventing the investigation of the opposition leader and pressuring the judges who are supposed to judge the criminal actions of the opposition leader. Eventually, the large opposition party even impeached the head of the Board of Audit and Inspection, who was investigating the actions of the previous administration that were deemed treasonous. They included the "deliberate delay of the THAAD deployment" as part of the grounds for impeachment in the proposal.
This case involves four high-ranking officials from the previous Democratic Party administration’s security line who passed on classified national security information, including the operational name, timing, and details of the THAAD deployment, to a Chinese military attaché in Seoul.
The Board of Audit and Inspection uncovered this and referred it to the prosecution for further investigation, but the large opposition party is now using this as grounds for impeachment. This is clearly an "impeachment to cover up espionage."
Impeaching the head of a constitutional body like the Board of Audit and Inspection is itself a serious violation of the constitution, but seeing this action used to cover up treasonous acts, I concluded that this is a national crisis that undermines democracy.
Furthermore, various government departments manage vast budgets funded by the people's taxes and oversee numerous subordinate agencies.
If the heads of these departments are impeached and their duties are suspended, thus paralyzing or severely hampering the functions of these departments, the opportunity costs and financial damage to the state and the people would be immense.
The large opposition party indiscriminately impeaches public officials and uses taxpayers' money to pay for legal fees for the prosecution teams. Meanwhile, those wrongfully impeached must fund their own legal defense while their duties are suspended.
Government officials are bound to feel intimidated by such reckless actions from the large opposition party. Through their "incitement impeachment," "protection impeachment," and "treason impeachment," the large opposition party is systematically bringing the Republic of Korea to its knees. The presidential election in our country is the longest period and attracts the greatest public attention.
Thus, the democratic legitimacy of an elected president carries more weight than other elected positions. In the past, our country’s democratization movement can be summarized as securing direct presidential elections.
However, as soon as the presidential election was over, the large opposition party, in alliance with their sympathizers, launched a preemptive impeachment and resignation campaign against the yet-to-be-inaugurated president-elect. For the last two and a half years, they have focused solely on toppling the president through continuous impeachment of government officials and reckless legislative and budgetary actions.
This is not the legitimate system of checks and balances defined by the constitution, but rather a relentless effort to remove a directly elected president, a symbol of democratic legitimacy. If this is not a violation of the constitution, what would be considered one?
Moreover, the continued actions of the large opposition party to undermine the constitution are based on an understanding that is far removed from the spirit of the free democratic constitution, both in terms of national identity and foreign relations.
Therefore, the ongoing impeachment campaign and reckless legislative and budgetary actions aimed at removing the directly elected president can only be seen as acts of destroying the democratic constitutional order.
People often refer to our system as a "presidential system" and call it a "monarchical presidential system."
However, today, our country is not under a monarchical president, but rather in an era of a monarchical opposition party. The reckless actions of the monarchical opposition party are bringing the Republic of Korea to the brink of crisis. This can be seen from the events that followed the declaration of martial law.
If I were truly a monarchical president, would the Corruption Investigation Office for High-ranking Officials, the police, and the prosecution have rushed to investigate me? Could the Corruption Investigation Office, which has no authority to investigate treason, have resorted to "shopping for warrants" and forging official documents to arrest me?
Despite only 570 soldiers being deployed under the martial law, over 3,000 to 4,000 police officers were illegally mobilized to arrest just one person, the president, at the presidential residence.
Between the president and the monarchical opposition party, who is wielding monarchical power and undermining the constitutional order?
The reason I decided to declare martial law was out of a desperate sense of urgency, that I could no longer leave the country's crisis unattended. I wanted to inform the people, the sovereign citizens, about the anti-national misdeeds of the monarchical opposition party, and appeal to them to stop it with harsh scrutiny and criticism.
I declared martial law with a sense of urgency to prevent the paralysis of government and the collapse of our free democratic constitutional order and to normalize the functions of the state. The declaration of martial law on December 3 was a declaration that the country was in a crisis and emergency situation. It was not intended to oppress the people or restrict their basic rights, but rather a heartfelt appeal to the sovereign people to take part directly in overcoming the emergency.
However, as soon as I lifted the martial law in response to the National Assembly's request, the monarchical opposition party began its impeachment process.
But martial law is not a crime; it is a legitimate exercise of presidential power to overcome a national crisis.
After convening an emergency cabinet meeting, I declared martial law through a broadcast, deployed a minimal number of troops to the National Assembly for maintaining order, and immediately withdrew the troops and called a cabinet meeting to lift martial law after the National Assembly passed a resolution calling for its termination.
As you all know, in 2023, national institutions, including the National Election Commission, suffered serious hacking from North Korea. Although the National Election Commission was notified by the National Intelligence Service, it failed to respond properly, unlike other government agencies. When they reluctantly conducted some checks, serious security issues were revealed, which led to the deployment of a small number of troops to inspect the National Election Commission's computer system.
The security of the National Election Commission's computer system, which is directly linked to the fairness of elections, is a critical public asset for protecting our free democratic system. Furthermore, the large amounts of fraudulent ballots revealed during election lawsuits and the statistical and mathematical arguments suggesting the results were implausible, have consistently raised the need for transparent inspections of the National Election Commission’s system.
I cannot understand which part of these measures constitutes treason or a crime. If martial law itself is illegal, then why does martial law exist, and why does the Joint Chiefs of Staff oversee martial law?
Honorable Constitutional Court judges and fellow citizens, I declared my political participation on June 29, 2021.
I knew very well that the position of president is not a path of glory, but one of suffering.
Some people, who observed the presidency up close, even told me that the position of president in our country is a cursed path and advised me against it.
However, I entered politics because, in a situation where the constitutional order of free democracy was collapsing, I wanted to protect this country. When I declared my political participation, I made a promise to the people. It was a promise to create a country where the youth who will carry our future, those who sacrificed for the nation, those who dedicated their lives to industrialization, those who quietly live after dedicating themselves to democratization, and those who diligently pay taxes would not be angered.
I promised the people that I would create a dynamic country where the youth can run freely, a country full of freedom and creativity with innovation, a warm country where the weak are not intimidated, and a country that shares values with the international community and fulfills its responsibilities.
I vowed in front of the people to regain the sovereignty that was taken away, standing against the monopolies and cartels that control the country with their vast seats and vested interests.
Since that day, I have never forgotten this promise. After being chosen by the people as president, I have worked tirelessly, continuously, to keep this promise.
Nothing has been easy. The difficult external environment caused by the global complex crises continued.
The wrong policies of the past Democratic Party government, including its flawed income-led growth policy and real estate policies, continued to hinder solving our economic and livelihood problems. However, I believed that with effort, we could solve any problem, and in fact, by working with our businesses and citizens, we were able to solve one issue after another.
There have been many joyous and rewarding moments, as well as some regrets and shortcomings. Above all, the efforts to improve the treatment of public servants in uniform who protect national security and citizens' safety were a rewarding achievement. While the past Democratic government was fervently engaged in anti-Japanese propaganda, under our administration, our GDP per capita surpassed Japan’s, and the export gap with Japan, a powerful economy with more than twice our population, has now been narrowed to just a few billion dollars.
This is a reduction to one-hundredth of what it was twenty years ago, and several tens of times smaller than under the previous Democratic government. I also remember the 30 nationwide livelihood forums we held last year. Listening directly to the people's difficulties and solving many problems on-site, I laughed and cried with the people.
We visited every region: the capital region, Yeongnam, Honam, Chungcheong, Gangwon, and Jeju, and discussed ways to promote regional development together. I wanted to create a truly unified nation where every citizen, no matter where they live, could enjoy fair opportunities and live happily.
I feel a deep sense of regret that I may never get another chance to work like that again.
When I went to the United States for a grueling one-night, four-day schedule and announced the Camp David declaration between South Korea, the U.S., and Japan, it was incredibly fulfilling and reassuring. When we opened the door for defense exports and Team Korea was selected as the preferred negotiator for the Czech nuclear power plant project, I was overjoyed.
But there are also moments I regret.
When essential laws needed by businesses and citizens were endlessly delayed, and unconstitutional laws that I had no choice but to veto passed swiftly through the National Assembly, led by the opposition, it was truly frustrating.
When crucial budgets for national defense, public safety, and livelihoods were cut, I felt utterly hopeless.
Currently, I may be momentarily standing still, but many citizens, especially our youth, are facing the situation South Korea is in, and are stepping forward to reclaim sovereignty and protect the country.
The purpose of the martial law was to raise awareness about the national crisis and appeal to the sovereign people, the constitutional lawmakers, to take action. I believe that the purpose of the martial law has been largely achieved with this.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to our citizens and youth who understand my true intentions.
Some claim that once I return to office, I will declare martial law again. This is an absurd notion.
Given that many citizens and youth are already confronting the situation and stepping up to protect the country, having declared martial law for a public appeal, is there any reason to declare martial law again? That will never happen.
Honorable Constitutional Court judges, among the issues discussed in the courtroom, I would like to briefly address two points.
Rather than going into minute details, I will simply address them from a common-sense perspective.
First, there is the claim that I instructed the arrest of members of the National Assembly or their forcible removal from the plenary hall.
This is truly an absurd claim. Logically, what would be achieved by doing this?
Even if members of parliament were arrested and dragged out to delay or prevent the dissolution of martial law, what would come next when the entire nation and the whole world are watching?
As stated by the National Assembly Speaker on the day of martial law, the National Assembly can hold a plenary session anywhere to resolve the issue of martial law's dissolution.
While this may appear in movies or novels, in reality, to carry out such actions, one would need a plan for fully controlling the nation with military forces and a political agenda.
But, was the situation really like that?
The whereabouts of the key commanders responsible for martial law matters before the declaration of emergency martial law were all revealed during the evidence examination in the courtroom.
I received work instructions from the Minister of National Defense only after martial law was declared, while I was taking a local vacation with the approval of the minister, attending a dinner with my spouse, and having a dinner gathering with executives.
Since there were no well-prepared operational plans or guidelines, there was confusion and some lack of organization.
Why would the Minister of National Defense, commanders, and experienced military experts act this way?
The declaration of martial law on December 3rd was a public appeal using the form of martial law, and it was different from past martial laws. Our 500,000-strong military, which has decades of experience in democracy, would never serve as the personal army of a single, one-term, five-year president.
The reason I declared martial law was solely to urge the sovereign people, the constitutional lawmakers, to recognize that the country was in crisis due to the National Assembly's dictatorship and to directly monitor and criticize this situation. It was an appeal for the sovereign people, the creators of the constitution, to step forward in the face of the republic's representative system crisis.
The claim that I ordered the arrest or forcible removal of members of parliament is entirely contradictory, as I had only planned to deploy 280 troops to maintain order in the National Assembly. The idea of forcibly removing parliament members with such a small force is completely illogical.
This wasn’t a weekend when the National Assembly was empty; it was a weekday during a session, making such a claim nonsensical.
There are 300 members of parliament, and when you add in parliamentary staff and assistants, the number exceeds thousands. Even if you watched the live broadcast on TV, you would see that shortly after the declaration of martial law, thousands of parliamentary staff and civilians had already entered the parliamentary precincts and the main building.
In fact, it wasn’t until an hour and a half after martial law was declared that the order-maintaining troops arrived. Only 106 soldiers entered the parliamentary precincts, and just 15 entered the main building. Would it make sense to order the arrest or forcible removal of members of parliament with such a small number of troops?
Moreover, the claim was that I ordered troops to enter the plenary hall to remove members because the quorum had not been met. If the quorum was not met, it would be common sense to prevent entry, not to drag members out.
The soldiers who entered the main building didn’t even know where the plenary hall was.
None of this makes sense. Not a single person was dragged out or arrested, and while a soldier was attacked by civilians, there was not a single incident where a soldier attacked a civilian or caused harm.
The claims about impossible events that never occurred are truly absurd, like trying to catch the moon reflected on a lake. The opposition party turned the constitutionally declared martial law into an illegal rebellion and succeeded in initiating impeachment.
Then, during the Constitutional Court trial, they removed the charge of rebellion from the impeachment grounds. This is truly an unprecedented fraudulent impeachment. Whether something constitutes rebellion or not is not determined through prolonged and complex psychological deliberations.
As shown in case law, whether something is rebellion should be judged based on the actual events and the results revealed during the process, and it should be something that anyone can easily recognize as rebellion.
The reason the opposition party and the prosecution removed the rebellion charge from the trial was not to shorten the trial time, but because there was no substance to the rebellion.
Moreover, the December 3rd martial law was the shortest martial law in history, from its declaration to its dissolution. As a result, the martial law command structure was not formed, and the investigative units under it were not created, and the martial law was simply ended. A martial law that lasted for only a few hours in a peaceful manner cannot be considered rebellion.
Next, I would like to discuss the Cabinet meeting during martial law.
There are claims that the Cabinet meeting on the day of the martial law cannot be considered a real Cabinet meeting. However, if it was not supposed to be a Cabinet meeting, why did the Cabinet members come to the presidential office on the night of December 3rd? Some argue that it was just a briefing rather than a Cabinet meeting, but was that the appropriate situation for a briefing?
A briefing does not require a quorum, so why would we have waited until the Cabinet meeting had a quorum? Starting at 8:30 PM on that day, the Cabinet members began arriving, and I explained the emergency martial law to them. The Minister of National Defense handed out the declaration of martial law, which outlined the details of the declaration.
The Cabinet members expressed concerns about potential economic and diplomatic difficulties, but I, as president, explained that I had a different view from the ministers in charge of various departments. The country was in an emergency, and emergency measures were necessary.
I also reassured the ministers about their concerns, such as the Deputy Prime Minister's worries about financial market chaos and the Minister of Foreign Affairs' concerns about relations with allied countries. I told them not to worry. The ministers were likely recalling past martial laws, so I told them not to worry.
The Cabinet meeting, which lasted for only 5 minutes after the quorum was reached, had already been sufficiently discussed beforehand. The meeting to lift the martial law early the next morning lasted just 1 minute.
In regular Cabinet meetings, the opening and closing remarks and discussions on many agenda items usually take about an hour, but the time spent on each individual issue is very short. Also, it is impossible to hold a Cabinet meeting for emergency martial law like a regular Cabinet meeting. Security is crucial, and in this way, confusion can be minimized and the need for order-maintaining troops reduced.
Former Minister of the Interior and Safety, Lee Sang-min, testified in the trial that he had attended over 100 Cabinet meetings but had never experienced such a heated discussion or communication in a Cabinet meeting like this one.
To ensure proper attendance, I had the Chief of Staff and the National Security Advisor come to the presidential office. Since this was a national security issue, the Director of the National Intelligence Service also attended. When President Kim Young-sam announced the financial real-name system through an emergency economic order on August 13, 1993, the Cabinet members did not even know about the announcement until just before the meeting, and the minutes of that Cabinet meeting were written afterward.
At that time, the then Minister of Labor, Lee In-jae, had already explained the situation in detail. However, no one claimed that there was no Cabinet meeting, and the Constitutional Court ruled that the declaration of the emergency economic order was constitutional.
I will leave the other issues to be addressed by my defense team.
Honorable Justices of the Constitutional Court and fellow citizens, I have carried out the duties of the presidency with the mindset that, "If it is something that must be done and someone has to do it, I will do it now."
Thus, in the first half of my term, I boldly pursued national reform tasks centered around the three major reforms—education, labor, and pensions—which previous governments had been unable to tackle out of fear of losing votes. We took the first step toward the long-stalled integration of reserved and unified education, laid the foundation for education reform with initiatives like the "Always Spring Schools" and converged high school education, and worked to strengthen connections with regional industries through bold transfers of authority.
We also set a new framework for labor law and began the process of labor reform, aiming to balance labor flexibility with labor protection in order to adapt to the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
On pension reform, which had been a national dilemma, we conducted the largest-ever quantitative analysis and in-depth public opinion surveys, and submitted a proposal with high public acceptance to the National Assembly.
In the early part of my presidency, my priority was to implement campaign promises and national tasks that would have a major impact on people's lives, particularly social reforms. I worked according to this schedule.
At the beginning of any administration, fulfilling electoral promises and national tasks takes precedence, so there is no room to focus on political reforms. However, as the five-year terms of previous presidents passed by quickly, the 1987 system, which no longer fits the changed times, has remained in place. Politics is making the people uncomfortable and blocking the nation's progress.
Additionally, we must lower the threshold for politics and administration so that young people, the leaders of the future, can participate in decisions that will shape the country's future.
If I return to office, I plan to focus in the latter part of my term on pushing forward with constitutional amendments and political reforms to adapt the 1987 system to our realities and ensure that we pass on a proper country to future generations.
I have already planned to promote constitutional amendments and electoral system reforms in the second half of my term from the moment I began my presidency. Without the sacrifice and determination of the sitting president, constitutional amendments and political reforms are not possible. That is why I believed I should take on this task.
I have already taken action on promises made by previous presidents, such as returning the Blue House to the people, immediately after taking office. I will not cling to the remainder of my term, but will instead view constitutional amendments and political reforms as my final mission, doing my utmost to improve the 1987 system.
By gathering the will of the people, I will work to swiftly carry out constitutional amendments and create a constitutional and political structure that better aligns with the changes in our society. I will also make every effort to achieve national unity during the process of constitutional amendments and political reforms.
In the end, national unity will be achieved through the Constitution and its values. If constitutional amendments and political reforms are properly implemented, I believe that the process will help heal the divisions within the nation. If this happens, there will be no reason to cling to the remainder of my term under the current Constitution, and it will be a great honor for me.
Regarding state affairs, considering the rapidly changing international situation and the global complex crises, I plan to focus on foreign relations as president and delegate much of the domestic issues to the Prime Minister.
Our economy is more dependent on external factors than any other country.
In particular, since the inauguration of the Trump administration in the United States, the rapid changes in the international order and the uncertainty in global economy and security have greatly affected us. The way we choose our national course now could either turn the crisis into an opportunity or lead us into an irreversible disaster.
With my experience in establishing the strongest-ever Korea-US alliance and driving Korea-US-Japan cooperation, I will focus on safeguarding our national interests in foreign relations.
Honorable Justices of the Constitutional Court,
First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the Justices who made every effort to conduct a thorough review despite the tight schedule of this impeachment trial.
This trial focused primarily on the issues raised by the prosecution, who led the removal of the charge of treason from the impeachment. As a result, I believe I did not have enough time to fully explain the reasons and the necessity behind my declaration of the emergency martial law on December 3rd.
I have submitted related materials diligently in writing, and I ask you to deeply consider the reasons behind my difficult decision as president.
Also, as president, who deals with many state secrets, I trust that your wisdom and insight will extend to the parts I could not fully explain to you.
Once again, I thank the Justices for your hard work.
Dear people of the Republic of Korea, while the martial law was declared for the country and its citizens, I sincerely apologize for the confusion and inconvenience it caused to you.
There are young people who find themselves in difficult situations due to the events surrounding my arrest. Before distinguishing between right and wrong, I feel deeply saddened and sorry.
When I ran for president, I decided to dedicate my life to the country.
After the December 3rd martial law and the impeachment proceedings, I saw citizens taking to the streets in freezing cold to protect me.
I also heard the voices of citizens criticizing and admonishing me.
Although the opinions differ, I believe that they all come from a deep love for our country.
I am truly grateful to the citizens who have trusted and supported me despite my shortcomings.
I will deeply engrave the criticisms from the people who admonish me for my mistakes in my heart.
I will do my utmost to ensure that I can become a stepping stone for the Republic of Korea to leap forward into a new era. Thank you.